Cross-sections of star ground signals fired from rifle grenade launcher

The top picture, the M17A1 white star, contained a parachute-mounted candle case on its upper end, with a 5.5 second time-delay fuze and 15 grain smokeless powder propelling charge in the tube above the stabilizing fins. The signal could rise above 600 feet before igniting, producing a 20,000 candlepower signal for 20 to 30 seconds. This was also useful for battlefield illumination. The bottom picture, the M18A1 5-star signal, essentially produced 5 star signals, but in free fall. The parachute kept the fall rate to about 7 fps, so the flare would extinguish several hundred feet above ground. The 5-star signal lasted for 4 to 10 seconds, extinguishing finally at about ground level.

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